{"id":830,"date":"2026-08-12T05:10:48","date_gmt":"2026-08-12T05:10:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atlaslivingmedia.com\/?p=830"},"modified":"2026-08-12T05:10:48","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T05:10:48","slug":"this-is-the-first-article-we-ever-published-about-the-internet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atlaslivingmedia.com\/?p=830","title":{"rendered":"This Is the First Article We Ever Published About the Internet"},"content":{"rendered":"<article>\n<div>\n<div>\n<article>\n<header>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li>Activism<\/li>\n<li>November 19, 2014<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>This Is the First Article We Ever Published About the Internet<\/h1>\n<h1>This Is the First Article We Ever Published About the Internet<\/h1>\n<h2>\n<p>Authors Kevin Cooke and Dan Lehrer accurately foresaw in 1993 the debate over net neutrality we\u2019re having today.<\/p>\n<p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/atlaslivingmedia.com\/?p=828\">This Week in \u2018Nation\u2019 History: Resisting The Beatles\u2019 Invasion, \u2018The PR Man\u2019s Finest Hour\u2019<\/a><\/p>\n<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<section>\n<time>November 19, 2014<\/time><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>President Obama\u2019s brief statement last week in support of net neutrality may or may not be enough to sway the Federal Communications Commission, expected to \u201chand down\u2014spooky phrase\u2014\u201dnew rules early in the New Year.\u201c The Internet has been one of the greatest gifts our economy\u2014and our society\u2014has ever known,\u201d the president said, before \u201crespectfully\u201d asking the FCC \u201cto preserve this technology\u2019s promise for today and future generations to come.\u201d\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p><em>The Nation<\/em> has been watching how new technologies interact with politics for almost 150 years. In September of 1866, the editors imagined a future thoroughly altered by the telegraph:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Where it is all going to end, and what kind of life the \u201cmerchant of the future\u201d will lead, nobody knows, or pretends to know. From present appearances it would seem as if the commerce of the world would pass into the hands of a few great houses; that all the small dealers would be converted into clerks on salaries, and everything be done by a few vast combinations conceived by half-a-dozen heads, the details being worked out by subordinates, possessing only a limited responsibility, and, therefore, suffering little from wear and tear.\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Sounds about right.<\/p>\n<p>While not exactly at the vanguard of the technological revolution of the second half of the twentieth century\u2014the political implications of computers largely (though not entirely) evaded our attention\u2014<em>The Nation<\/em>\u2019s very first article about the Internet is a fascinating read. It is in some places hopelessly (and hilariously) dated, but in others quite timeless.<\/p>\n<p>Published in our issue dated July 12, 1993, \u201c\u201d was written by Kevin Cooke and Dan Lehrer, graduate journalism students at the University of California, Berkeley. (The author note at the bottom of the piece said \u201cthey claim they are not computer weenies,\u201d and then printed their e-mail addresses. Tim Ziegler, now editor of <em>Austin Post<\/em>, also contributed.)<\/p>\n<p>It began with a set piece about a man named Wam Kat, who \u201cfiles daily reports on life in Zagreb, Croatia.\u201d The catch?<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Kat\u2019s bulletins, which he calls \u201cZagreb Diary,\u201d don\u2019t appear in Yugoslav papers or on television. They exist in cyberspace. Kat types them on his own computer in Zagreb and sends them by modem to an electronic bulletin board in Germany. From there, his stories are relayed to computers around the world via the global mega-information stream called the Internet.\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>So the guy had a blog.<\/p>\n<p> is full of delicious little items like that: barely more than twenty years old, it already feels like an artifact from another era, one as inaccessible to us now as the early days of the telegraph. Even so, as with the 1866 article, it is fun (and genuinely informative) to read now not because of its irrelevance to the current debate about information and society, but because of its surprising relevance.<\/p>\n<section>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h2>Popular<\/h2>\n<p><span><span>&#8220;swipe left below to view more authors&#8221;<\/span>Swipe \u2192<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h3>\n<span>One Woman\u2019s Message From the Hell of ICE Detention<\/span><\/p>\n<p>                One Woman\u2019s Message From the Hell of ICE Detention<\/p>\n<\/h3>\n<p>\nMaryam Tahmasebi <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h3>\n<span>What Happened to the American University?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>                What Happened to the American University?<\/p>\n<\/h3>\n<p>\nBooks &amp; the Arts<br \/>\n<span><br \/>\n                            \/<br \/>\n                        <\/span><br \/>\nDaniel Bessner <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h3>\n<span>Insurgents Are Revitalizing the Democratic Party<\/span><\/p>\n<p>                Insurgents Are Revitalizing the Democratic Party<\/p>\n<\/h3>\n<p>\nKatrina vanden Heuvel, John Nichols<span> for <\/span>The Nation <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h3>\n<span>Protecting War Criminals Is As American as Apple Pie<\/span><\/p>\n<p>                Protecting War Criminals Is As American as Apple Pie<\/p>\n<\/h3>\n<p>\nElie Mystal <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p>\u201cThe Net is changing more than just the flow of information,\u201d Cooke and Lehrer wrote. \u201cIt\u2019s changing the way we relate to one another. The advent of global networking is fragmenting and re-sorting society into what one author calls \u2018virtual communities.\u2019 Instead of being bound by location, groups of people can now meet in cyberspace, the noncorporeal world, existing between two linked computers. There they can look for colleagues, friends, romance or sex.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>There are some passages that, through no fault of the writers, come off a little goofy today:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>While Internet experts deride the term \u201cinformation superhighway\u201d as an empty soundbite, the concept works as an analogy to understand how the Internet functions. Think of its as a massive road system, complete with freeways, feeders and local routes. At every intersection sits a computer, which has to be passed through to get to the next computer until you\u2019ve reached your destination. Any computer on the Internet system can connect with any other computer through the road system. And if the route to your destination is closed, you will automatically take a detour to get there.<\/p>\n<p>The difference between the Internet and the Interstate is that you can go to Finland as quickly as you can go down the block. Once there, you can remotely manipulate the computer to do anything your own can do. You can retrieve a file from it in the blink of an eye.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>And the milkman came around three times a week.<\/p>\n<p>* * *<\/p>\n<p>But Cooke and Lehrer also noted that potential that the Internet could be used for activism, organizing and political discussion unavailable in the mainstream press. \u201cYou\u2019re not going to find anything to the left of the Democratic Party on TV or in newspapers,\u201d they quoted one Harel Barzilai, a Cornell graduate student, saying. \u201cAnd for those of us who have access to the Internet, it\u2019s free to use it and post information. This is our chance to be heard.\u201d The authors also quoted the writer Howard Rheingold saying that \u201cthe direct access to information the Internet provides is \u2018inherently subversive.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p> then launches into a discussion about the privatization and profitization of the early Internet, which, in some ways, anticipates the one going on today. \u201cInternet activists,\u201d Cooke and Lehrer wrote, \u201cwant to make sure that this power stays with individuals.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The primary threat was then, as it is today, plans to charge different prices for access to different content\u2014precisely the kind of arrangement President Obama said last week must not be allowed. In 1993, Cooke and Lehrer saw that danger remarkably clearly:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>By giving the private sector unregulated and monopolistic control over the Net\u2019s electronic connections, the government would in effect allow megacorporations like AT&amp;T and Time Warner, who own the cable lines and manage what flows through them, to call the shots in the future. They could determine how much anyone, from a single individual to a university, will have to pay for access. Some phone companies, for example, are already discussing charging users either by the amount of time they log on to the Internet or by the amount of data they send over it\u2014despite the fact that their network operating costs are fixed no matter how many people us it or how much data flows through it. Changing the funding structure means the eventual extinction of the small, mom-and-pop computer networks, which could find themselves victims of predictable market forces. And that means that isolated users and cash-strapped colleges could be cut off from their virtual communities.\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Some of the details of the problem, of course, have changed in ways we don\u2019t have time or space to go into. But the principle at stake, and the threats to it, remain astonishingly identical to those Cooke and Lehrer wrote about in 1993:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>In a worst-case scenario, Rheingold says, corporations would not only monitor what\u2019s on the Internet, they would monitor you. If, as some predict, the information superhighway becomes primarily a conduit for watching movies, banking at home and shopping, the same computers that we use to lessen the burden of our daily errands could also be used by the corporations that provide those services to destroy our personal privacy. The Net could be used by marketing wizards\u2014the same ones who flood us with annoying junk mail\u2014to keep tabs on us all in Orwellian fashion, automatically recording our interests and habits.<\/p>\n<p>Hackers have already developed a few defenses, which could be the seeds for preserving the right to free communication. Free software to encode all electronic transmissions is now widely available, with codes that even the fastest super-computers would have a tough-time cracking. This means that nobody but the person you send something to\u2014whether an e-mail note or a piece of software\u2014can read it.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The conclusion to the article, twenty-one years later, is fairly chilling:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Internet activists are also not happy with the Clinton Administration\u2019s effort to impose a standard encoding scheme for data, whether e-mail or a movie, that only the government can break. \u201cThe machinery of oppression has weak spots,\u201d Rheingold says, noting the spread of encryption techniques that even the National Security Agency may not be able to crack. \u201cBut the powers that be in the N.S.A. have convinced Clinton that they have to closet he doors before all the cows get out.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Whether it\u2019s the government or private corporations, what everyone wants is control of a new form of communication, one that currently cannot be controlled. Given the stakes and the power of the interests now seeking to shape and profit from this new technology, the end result may not be a happy one for the average citizen-user. \u201cThe key questions of access, pricing, censorship and redress of grievances will be answered in practice, in law, in executive order or legislative action, over the next five years,\u201d Rheingold writes, \u201cand will thus determine the political and economic structure of the Net for decades to come.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But for the time being, the activities of people like Wam Kat seem to prove an old hacker adage: \u201cAll information wants to be free.\u201d\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>* * *<\/p>\n<p>I e-mailed both Cooke and Lehrer, asking them to reread the 1993 article send me their reflections. Cooke wrote back first:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>In the twenty-one years since this article was published, the Internet has become both more magical and more invasive than I expected. I have worked all that time as an Internet technologist for media companies, so I should probably not be as awed by the Internet as I am. I think the Internet ranks as one of the most important human-created things. Information does want to be free, as we continue to learn from people like Edward Snowden. Governments tremble before its power, and do whatever they can to control the cord, if they can\u2019t cut it (see the Great Firewall of China for a very crazy example of this tendency.)<\/p>\n<p>The uses we find for these technologies are beyond any one person\u2019s comprehension, and were of course well beyond my imagination, when I pitched the idea for the article to Victor Navasky in a dark bar near the UC-Berkeley campus in the Spring of 1993. For most users, the Internet and smartphones are indistinguishable from magic. Count me among that number.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Dan Lehrer had this to say:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>I remember that at the time, the \u201cinformation superhighway\u201d (and thank goodness that term has retired) was a hot topic in newspapers, but it was still a vague concept to most people. This story was really one of the first to explain to non-computer-friendly people what the Internet actually was and what it did.<\/p>\n<p>A couple of things jumped out at me when rereading the article that Kevin, Tim and I wrote in the Pleistocene. The biggest is that we were even called upon to explain <em>what the Internet was<\/em> in the first place. We now take the Internet for granted\u2014we <em>expect<\/em> to be able to scroll through epic cat fail videos, make free overseas video calls, and get free shipping. The Internet is seamlessly integrated into our daily lives. That\u2019s why it should be a public utility, right? But except for college students and early adopters who joined private virtual communities like Marin County\u2019s the WELL (which stood for Whole Earth \u2018Lectronic Link) the promise of the Internet bordered on science fiction at that time. Indeed, in the article, we briefly mention that the Internet may become \u201cprimarily a conduit for watching movies, banking at home and shopping\u201d but downplayed this aspect of the piece\u2014it was kind of like a flying car.<\/p>\n<p>The other major thing about the story is that the issues are the same now\u2014completely, exactly the same\u2014as they were back when Mosaic was the best browser around (and it was slow and crashed a lot). Marketing companies using browsing habits to invade privacy? Monopolistic megacorporations limiting access to competitors? Encryption as a way of protecting privacy? Check, check and check. The forms of communication that we use on the Internet have changed\u2014newsgroups to Facebook\u2014but the implications of what we do online and how we do it remain.\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>* * *<\/p>\n<p><em>Curious about how we covered something? E-mail me at <span>[email\u00a0protected]<\/span>. Subscribers to <\/em>The Nation<em><em> can access our fully searchable digital archive, which contains thousands of historic articles, essays and reviews, letters to the editor and editorials dating back to July 6, 1865.<\/em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/atlaslivingmedia.com\/?p=827\">Wisconsin Socialists Have a Proud History in the Democratic Party<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<footer>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>                Submit a correction<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>                Send a letter to the editor<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>                Reprints &amp; permissions<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<p><span> Richard Kreitner<svg>\n<\/svg><br \/>\n<\/span>Richard Kreitner is a contributing writer and the author of <em>Break It Up: Secession, Division, and the Secret History of America\u2019s Imperfect Union<\/em>. His writings are at richardkreitner.com.<\/p>\n<p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/atlaslivingmedia.com\/?p=825\">John Edgar Wideman\u2019s American Vernacular<\/a><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><span> Back Issues<\/span>Guided tours through the archive of America\u2019s oldest weekly.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<\/div>\n<p><input\/><br \/>\n<input\/><br \/>\n<\/footer>\n<\/article>\n<p>Ad Policy<br \/>\n<!-- <a class=\"inifiniteLoader\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/images\/new_infi_loader.gif\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a> -->\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Nation Magazine<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":829,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - 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